Source: Arginine - is an essential amino acid (the body cannot create the amino acid on its own it must be ingested).
Arginine is found in many foods, including dairy products, meat, fish and poultry.

Clinical studies:
Studies have shown that certain amino acids especially when administered simultaneously will stimulate the release of Human Growth Hormone. Arginine, Lysine and Glutamine are three such amino acids that have been shown to stimulate the pituitary to secrete Human Growth Hormone. Isidori A, et al. A study of Growth Hormone release in man after oral administration of amino acids. Curr Med Res Opin 1981;7:475-81.

Modern day uses:
Today, Arginine is prescribe by physicians and herbal specialist for the following conditions:

Precursor amino acid to Human Growth Hormone
Necessary for spermatogenesis
Essential for normal immune system activity
Promotes muscle growth and fat burning
Assists with regeneration of damaged liver
Necessary for production and release of Growth Hormone
A precursor to creatine and the neurotransmitter nitric oxide
Arginine is crucial to the wound healing process through collagen synthesis particularly in the elderly who suffer from poor circulation.

Arginine is the most potent amino acid in releasing insulin.
Precursor to GABA, an important inhibitory neurotransmitter
Improves immune response to bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells
Supplementation of the amino acid can reduce the pathological increases in the thickness of plaque lined vessel walls in individuals with elevated cholesterol and arthrosclerosis

Precautions and/or adverse effects
Individuals should use caution in taking excessive doses of Arginine if they have any of the following medical conditions:

Low blood pressure
Liver or Kidney disease
Individuals on blood thinners
Psychological conditions, such as, psychosis
Diabetics and borderline diabetics
Individuals who have not completed their bone growth i.e. children and/or teenagers

Individuals with acute or chronic viral conditions i.e. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus

(CMV), Herpes Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

There are very few side effects associated with the supplemental use of the herb. However, individuals may experience an increase in cold sores or herpetic lesions (increase doses of arginine may promote the outbreak if herpes simplex in individuals who have the virus). Excess dosing of arginine may also cause diarrhea, stomach cramps, bloating, swelling in the lower extremities.

Source: Lysine - is an essential amino acid (the body cannot create the amino acid on its own it must be ingested). Good sources of lysine are found in cheese, eggs, potatoes, milk, lime beans, meat and brewer's yeast.

Physiology:
Lysine is required for growth and bone development in children, assists in calcium absorption and maintaining the correct nitrogen balance in the body and maintaining lean body mass. Furthermore it is needed to produce antibodies, hormones, enzymes, collagen formation as well as repair of tissue.

Clinical studies:
Studies have shown that certain amino acids especially when administered simultaneously will stimulate the release of Human Growth Hormone. Lysine, Arginine and Glutamine are three such amino acids that have been shown to stimulate the pituitary to secrete Human Growth Hormone. Isidori A, et al. A study of Growth Hormone release in man after oral administration of amino acids. Curr Med Res Opin 1981;7:475-81. Kasai K, et al.

Modern day uses:
Today, Lysine is prescribed by physicians and herbal specialist for the following positive effects:

Stimulating the production of Human Growth Hormone - clinical studies have shown that certain amino acids can stimulate the secretion of Human Growth Hormone specifically Lysine, Arginine and glutamine.
Treatment of herpes simplex virus - lysine has been shown to suppress the growth of the herpes virus. Supplemental use of lysine can decrease the cold sores, canker sores genital ulcers associated with the virus.
Calcium absorption - lysine assists in the proper absorption of calcium
Nitrogen balance - the amino acid is important in maintaining a correct nitrogen balance
Treatment of osteoporosis - lysine as been shown to increase the body's ability to absorb calcium helping to prevent osteoporosis.
Precursor amino acid - aside from being a precursor to Human Growth Hormone, Lysine is also important in the formation of antibodies, enzymes, collagen formation, etc.

Precautions and/or adverse effects:
Individuals with preexisting medical conditions should consult with their physician particularly if they are taking prescription or over-the-counter-medications or supplements. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding and children should also consult with there physician prior to taking any new supplements. There are no serious side effects or drug interactions reported with Lysine at the time of this writing.

Source: Glutamine - is a nonessential amino acid in the body. Good sources of Glutamine include many foods that are high in protein such as beans, fish, meat, and dairy products.

Physiology:
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the human body. Glutamine is involved in more metabolic processes than any other amino acid. The amino acid is used by white blood cells to boost our immune system, converted to glucose when an energy source is required, anti-inflammatory effects, when combined with N-acetyl cysteine Glutamine promotes the synthesis of a naturally occurring antioxidant.

Clinical studies:
Studies have shown that certain amino acids especially when administered simultaneously will stimulate the release of Human Growth Hormone. Glutamine, Lysine and Arginineare three such amino acids that have been shown to stimulate the pituitary to secrete Human Growth Hormone. Isidori A, et al. A study of Growth Hormone release in man after oral administration of amino acids. Curr Med Res Opin 1981;7:475-81.

Modern day uses:
Today, Glutamine is prescribed by physicians and herbal specialists for the following positive effects:

Stimulating the production of Human Growth Hormone - clinical studies have shown that certain amino acids can stimulate the secretion of Human Growth Hormone specifically glutamine, lysine and arginine.

Builds lean muscle mass - the amino acid serves as a nitrogen and carbon donor promoting muscle growth.

Prevents ammonia toxicity - one of glutamine's most important functions is to protect the brain from ammonia toxicity. Excess ammonia can result in neurodegenerative diseases and result in the release of nitrogen based free radicals.

Brain Energy - glutamine is highly concentrated in the brain and is an important source of energy. In the absence of glucose, glutamine can be used as source of energy. Thus, glutamine promotes concentration, memory, alertness, and other cognitive functions. If the brain does not have enough glucose it will compensate by using glutamine as an additional energy source.

Strengthens the immune system - glutamine is a popular supplement in treatment of of individuals with AIDS or cancer. Glutamine promotes the growth of the immune system.

Bowel conditions - glutamine has been shown to be beneficial in treatment of the bowel secondary to acid reflux, Crohn's disease, ulcers, food allergies, achlorhydria, NSAIDs abuse or any other condition that requires healing or synthesis of the intestinal cells. Glutamine enhances intestinal immune function, stimulates intestinal mucosal growth, inhibits intestinal bacteria growth, assists in the regulation of the ph in the intestines, etc.

Stabilizes blood sugar and alcohol cravings - when blood glucose is low, glutamine suppresses insulin to decrease a further decline in glucose levels. Glutamine is a glycogenic amino acid meaning it can be converted into sugar for energy production (gluconeogenesis). The blood glucose stabilizing effects help to decrease alcohol and sugar cravings.

Protein metabolism - glutamine is used in the kidneys and liver in the synthesis of urea and ammonia which are the normal breakdown products of protein which must be excreted.

Anti-oxidant properties - the amino acid is important in the synthesis of glutathione an essential anti-oxidant.

Healing - trauma, surgery, infections, stress, burns, cancer, infections, and most major illnesses can deplete glutamine levels. This can result in a flow of glutamine out the muscles promoting muscle wasting during periods of stress or debilitating disease.

Source: Phosphatidylserine - belongs to a special category of fat-soluble substances called phospholipids, which are essential components of cell membranes. Phosphatidylserine is found only in trace amounts in the normal diet.

Phosphatidylserine can be derived from a bovine (cow) source, however, the form is not used secondary to the risk of humans contracting "mad cow" disease. Currently, Phosphatidylserine is derived from soy to prevent any spread of disease.

Physiology:
Brain cells are rich in Phosphatidylserine, which contributes to these cells ability to release the chemical neurotransmitters. While medications can increase the level of specific chemical neurotransmitters, Phosphatidylserine improves the overall action of all the neurotransmitters by enhancing the performance of cell membranes.

As an individual ages there are both biochemical and structural changes in the brain. These changes include restructuring of the neuronal membrane lipid composition, decreases in the metabolism of neurotransmitters and a decrease in synaptic density. These changes result in a decline in overall cognitive function i.e. decline in memory, potential to learn new tasks and behavioral changes (loss of motivation, socialization complications, increased anxiety, etc.).

Clinical studies:
Clinical studies have shown that the supplemental use of Phosphatidylserine produces significant improvement in memory, concentration, motivation, anxiety and overall cognitive functioning. Individuals suffering from Alzheimer's disease noted improvement on the Blessed Dementia Scale (measure of information processing, activities of daily living, memory). Phosphatidylserine also has a positive effect on individuals who suffer from depression. Supplemental use of Phosphatidylserine resulted in an improvement in depressive symptoms in as little as thirty days of treatment.

Phosphatidylserine also appears to protect against the stress response to reduce anxiety. Phosphatidylserine is especially effective when combined with lifestyle revision, a healthy diet and proper exercise.

Modern day uses:
Today, Phosphatidylserine is prescribed by physicians and herbal specialist for the following:

Overall cognitive functioning including memory and concentration
Alzheimer's disease
Depression

Precautions and/or adverse effects:
Individuals with preexisting medical conditions should consult with their physician particularly if they are taking prescription or over-the-counter-medications or supplements. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding and children should also consult with there physician prior to taking any new supplements There have been no significant side effects or drug interactions with Phosphatidylserine presented at the time of this writing.

Source: A branching weedy shrub to vine with distinctive burr fruit with sharp hard spines that grow as weeds in pasture and agricultural land. The leaflets are less than a quarter-inch long. The whole plant is a tap rooted annual about three to thirty inches across. The plant flowers with very hard sharp "seeds”, each one a single-seeded wedge of the intact fruit. The herb has worldwide distribution including Asia and the Pacific realm. There are some 10 species of Tribulus indigenous to Australia where the herb is very popular.

Traditional uses:
Tribulus Terrestris has been used in past centuries for traditional medicine for the treatment of the following conditions:

Diseases of genito urinary tract including dysuria chronic cystitis, phosphaturia, incontinence, etc.
Spermatorrhoea (Involuntary discharge of semen without orgasm)
Uterine disorders after parturition
Upper and lower respiratory infections
Liver disorders
Cardiovascular disorders
Immune system deficiencies

Physiology:
Tribulus terrestris increases muscle mass and improves erections by increasing testosterone levels in unique fashion. Unlike, DHEA or Androstenedione, which simply act as testosterone precursors. Tribulus terrestris increases testosterone levels by increasing the levels of Lutenizing Hormone (LH). LH is responsible for signaling the leydig cells in the testes to release testosterone. Studies have shown an increase in excess of 50% testosterone levels when taking the Tribulus terrestris herb. The increase in testosterone levels will promote protein synthesis, positive nitrogen balance as well as a quicker recovery from muscular stress. The plant has also been shown to increase in sperm production and motility.

Clinical studies:
Clinical studies have shown that the supplemental use of Phosphatidylserine produces significant improvement in memory, concentration, motivation, anxiety and overall cognitive functioning. Individuals suffering from Alzheimer's disease noted improvement on the Blessed Dementia Scale (measure of information processing, activities of daily living, memory). Phosphatidylserine also has a positive effect on individuals who suffer from depression. Supplemental use of Phosphatidylserine resulted in an improvement in depressive symptoms in as little as thirty days of treatment.

Phosphatidylserine also appears to protect against the stress response to reduce anxiety. Phosphatidylserine is especially effective when combined with lifestyle revision, a healthy diet and proper exercise.

Modern day uses:
Today, Tribulus terestris is used for much of the same conditions as mentioned in the above paragraphs. However, the herb is primarily prescribed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (impotence) and for increasing testosterone levels specifically amongst the weight lifting community.

Precautions and/or adverse effects:
Individuals with preexisting medical conditions should consult with their physician particularly if they are taking prescription or over-the-counter-medications or supplements. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding and children should also consult with there physician prior to taking any new supplements. Very few side effects have been reported with the use of Tribulus terrestris except for periodic cases of an upset stomach at the time of this writing. This situation can usually be avoided if individuals take the herb on a full stomach.

Source: Chrysin (Passiflora coerulea) - is a a naturally occurring bioflavinoid that is extracted from the plant Passiflora coerulea. The herb grows in Oceania, Africa, Asia, Central America and the Caribbean. Spanish explorers were introduced to the sedative effects of the herb via the Indians of Peru and Brazil.

Traditional uses:
Spanish explorers were introduced to the sedative effects of the herb via the Indians of Peru and Brazil. These explorers brought the herb back to Spain were the leaves were used widely as a sedative and sleep inducing agent. Chysin extracted from the leaves of the passion flower have also been used for centuries for the treatment of anxiety, cardiovascular difficulties, female complications.

Physiology:
Chrysin presents a unique method to increase testosterone levels, were DHEA, Tribulus terrastis and androstenedione among other supplements act as precursors to testosterone, Chrysin acts as an anti-aromatase that prevents the conversion of excess testosterone into estrogen. Chrisin alternate way to naturally increase testosterone levels has made the herb very popular amongst competitive athletes.

Modern day uses:
Today, Chrysin is prescribed by physicians and herbal specialist for the following:

Increase testosterone levels
Anxiety
Bronchial asthma
Menopausal symptoms
Cardiovascular improvement
Concentration difficulties

Precautions and/or adverse effects:
Individuals with preexisting medical conditions should consult with their physician particularly if they are taking prescription or over-the-counter-medications or supplements. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding and children should also consult with there physician prior to taking any new supplements. More specifically, Chrisin should not be used in conjunction with Central Nervous System stimulants or depressants.

Source:
Colostrum - is a thick yellow fluid that is secreted by the mammary glands of female during the first few days of lactation. Colostrum is rich in minerals, vitamins, growth factors, immunoglobulin, antibodies, enzymes, and other nutrients to aide the immune system.

Traditional uses:
Phosphatidylcholine is a phospholipid that is abundant in cell membranes and required for normal nerve function. Phosphatidylcholine is composed of a choline, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group. The choline in PC is a precursor to the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, which is responsible for transmitting the signals involved in memory, cognition, muscle contractions, vasodilatation, promotes parasympathetic effects, etc. Deficiencies in acetylcholine have been attributed to Alzheimer's disease, tardive dyskinesia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, depression, attention deficit, chronic fatigue, Friedrich's ataxia, myasthenia gravis, Huntington's chorea, etc.

Physiology:
Phosphatidylcholine is a phospholipid that is abundant in cell membranes and required for normal nerve function. Phosphatidylcholine is composed of a choline, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group. The choline in PC is a precursor to the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, which is responsible for transmitting the signals involved in memory, cognition, muscle contractions, vasodilatation, promotes parasympathetic effects, etc. Deficiencies in acetylcholine have been attributed to Alzheimer's disease, tardive dyskinesia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, depression, attention deficit, chronic fatigue, Friedrich's ataxia, myasthenia gravis, Huntington's chorea, etc.

Phosphatidylcholine is important in the regulation of cholesterol. Phosphatidylcholine acts as an emulsifier to break down cholesterol and fats so that these substances can be excreted. Subsequently the supplemental use of Phosphatidylcholine can significantly reduce the incidence of arteriosclerosis.

Clinical Studies:
Clinical studies have shown that oral supplementation with PC can significantly improve concentration and memory especially in individuals who suffer from Alzheimer's disease. Phosphatidylcholine supplementation also improves movement in patients with a neurological disorder, tardive dyskinesia, characterized by uncontrolled twitching of the face and muscular movement. Cenacchi B. Cognitive decline in the elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled multi center study on efficacy of Phosphatidylserine administration Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 5, 123-133 (1993)

Precautions and/or adverse effects:
Individuals with preexisting medical conditions should consult with their physician particularly if they are taking prescription or over-the-counter-medications or supplements. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding and children should also consult with there physician prior to taking any new supplements More specifically, high doses of Phosphatidylcholine have been associated with a reduced appetite, upset stomach, gas and diarrhea.

Source:
Naringinine - is a citrus flavinoid found primarily in grapefruit juice.

Physiology:
Flavanoid is a blanket term given to compounds that impart the colorful pigment to numerous fruits, vegetables, grains and herbs. Flavanoids, such as, naringinine act as effective anti-inflammatories, antivirals, antihistamines and antioxidants.

Clinical Studies:
Clinical studies have shown that oral supplementation with PC can significantly improve concentration and memory especially in individuals who suffer from Alzheimer's disease. Phosphatidylcholine supplementation also improves movement in patients with a neurological disorder, tardive dyskinesia, characterized by uncontrolled twitching of the face and muscular movement. Cenacchi B. Cognitive decline in the elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled multi center study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 5, 123-133 (1993)

Modern day uses:
Today, Flavanoids are prescribed by physicians and herbal specialist in order to prevent or treat a wide variety of conditions including the following:

Decrease cancer risk - supplemental use of flavanoids have been linked to a lower incidence of cancer including: stomach, lung, pancreatic, breast, prostate, etc.
Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease - clinical studies have shown that flavanoids help to reduce the incidence of blood clots, strokes and heart disease.
Alleviate skin irrittations - flavonoids anti-inflammatory actions help to reduce the symptoms associated with eczema and psoriasis.
Reduced joint and muscle pain - again the anti-inflammatory properties of the flavanoids help with the pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, gout, etc.
Decrease incidence of cataracts and macular degeneration - flavanoids help to reduce the development of cataracts and macular degeneration secondary to their ability to improve circulation to the region.
Menopausal symptoms - flavanoids have been shown to reduce the symptoms associated with menopause secondary to their mild estrogen effect.
Antioxidant properties - naraginine help prevent the cell damage caused by unstable oxygen molecules known as free radicals.
Decreased cholesterol - flavanoids, such as, naraginine have shown to reduce harmful LDL cholesterol.

Precautions and/or adverse effects:
Individuals with preexisting medical conditions should consult with their physician particularly if they are taking prescription or over-the-counter-medications or supplements. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding and children should also consult with there physician prior to taking any new supplements. More specifically, Flavanoids, such as, naraginine may decrease the effects of certain chemotherapy medications. Naraginine has also been shown to amplify the effects of calcium channel blockers i.e. Amiodipine (Norvasc), Verapamil (Calan), Nifedipine (Procardia), resulting in significant drops in blood pressure. Co administration of vitamin c will help to increase the effects of the flava.